Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Managing Flare-ups in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in the body. It can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs. SLE is more common in women, especially during their reproductive years. The disease may cause inflammation in various body systems, leading to symptoms like fatigue, joint pain, and rashes. Unlike infections, SLE is not caused by bacteria or viruses but by immune system malfunction. Triggers such as sunlight, infections, or certain medications can worsen symptoms. If not treated, lupus can cause serious damage to organs and lead to long-term health problems.

Other symptoms may include fever, mouth sores, hair loss, or chest discomfort. Early diagnosis and treatment with medications like corticosteroids and immunosuppressants can help manage flares and reduce complications. Routine follow-ups are essential for adjusting treatment and maintaining quality of life.

SLE symptoms

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Symptoms

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a long-term autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of the body, causing inflammation, tissue damage, and a wide range of symptoms if not diagnosed and managed properly.

  • Fatigue, fever, and weight loss are common early symptoms of lupus flare-ups.
  • Joint pain, stiffness, or swelling may begin in the hands and knees.
  • Skin rashes or sun-sensitive lesions often appear on face and arms.
  • Numb or cold fingers may occur in stress or cold exposure periods.
  • Shortness of breath or chest pain may signal lung or heart involvement.
  • Dry eyes, mouth sores, and headaches can accompany more active disease.
  • Memory issues, confusion, or mood changes may develop in severe cases.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus can be challenging, as its symptoms resemble other conditions.

  • Doctors review symptoms and examine joints, skin, and vital signs closely.
  • Blood tests help detect anemia, low counts, and signs of inflammation.
  • Urinalysis checks kidney function for protein or blood in the sample.
  • ANA tests detect autoantibodies linked to an active immune response.
  • Imaging like X-rays or echo assesses damage to lungs or heart tissue.

Treatment Options

While Systemic Lupus Erythematosus cannot be cured, early treatment helps manage flares and limit organ damage.

  • NSAIDs like ibuprofen reduce joint pain, swelling, and fever in mild lupus cases.
  • Antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine help control skin and joint symptoms and flares.
  • Corticosteroids like prednisone ease inflammation but may cause weight gain or thinning bones.
  • Immunosuppressants such as azathioprine or methotrexate treat severe disease or organ involvement.
  • Biologic therapies like belimumab are used when other medications are ineffective or not tolerated.

Therapy & Surgery

Physical therapy and, in some cases, surgery can improve strength, mobility, and manage lupus-related damage.

  • Therapists guide exercises to ease stiffness, support joints, and improve safe movement.
  • Surgical options may address joint damage, tissue repair, or organ-related complications.
  • Kidney biopsy or transplant might be needed in cases of severe lupus nephritis.
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