Paediatric Rheumatology

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Paediatric Rheumatology

Nurturing Healthy Joints with Expert Paediatric Rheumatology Care

Paediatric Rheumatology focuses on diagnosing and treating autoimmune and inflammatory conditions affecting children’s joints, muscles, and connective tissues. One of the most common conditions is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), which can cause persistent joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and fatigue. These disorders often affect mobility, growth, and quality of life in children, requiring early attention.

Early diagnosis is crucial to managing symptoms and preventing long-term joint damage. Treatment options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. In more severe cases, biologic therapies may be used. Ongoing care with a paediatric rheumatologist is essential for monitoring growth, ensuring joint health, and improving overall well-being.

Juvenile Autoimmune Conditions

Explore common juvenile autoimmune diseases, each with unique symptoms and treatment approaches. Swipe to learn more about each condition.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
  • Persistent joint swelling and stiffness
  • Pain that may improve with movement
  • May cause growth delays in affected joints
Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Butterfly rash across cheeks and nose
  • Joint pain, fatigue, and fever
  • Can affect kidneys, brain, and lungs
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
  • Muscle weakness in upper arms and thighs
  • Rashes over eyelids and knuckles
  • Difficulty running, climbing, or lifting
Juvenile Scleroderma
Juvenile Scleroderma
  • Hard or thickened patches of skin
  • Limited joint mobility
  • Can involve internal organs in severe cases
Vasculitis
Vasculitis
  • Inflammation of blood vessels
  • Unexplained fever and skin rashes
  • Can affect lungs, kidneys, or nerves
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
  • Purplish rash on legs and buttocks
  • Joint and abdominal pain
  • May involve kidneys (blood in urine)


Paediatric Rheumatology symptoms

Paediatric Rheumatology Symptoms

Paediatric Rheumatology deals with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders in children, affecting joints, muscles, and connective tissues. Early diagnosis is key to preventing long-term joint damage and supporting healthy development.

  • Persistent joint pain, swelling, or stiffness lasting weeks or more.
  • Morning stiffness and limping in younger children, especially after rest.
  • Fatigue, low-grade fever, and reduced physical activity or play.
  • Skin rashes or eye inflammation linked with systemic conditions.
  • Delayed growth or weight loss in chronic, untreated cases.
  • Family history of autoimmune disease may increase risk.
  • Frequent complaints of joint discomfort without visible injury.
  • Difficulty in performing daily tasks like writing, climbing stairs, or dressing.
  • Unexplained episodes of irritability or withdrawal from physical activities.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing paediatric rheumatologic conditions involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, and specialized tests to identify inflammation, autoimmunity, or joint involvement. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment and preventing long-term complications.

  • Detailed review of symptoms like joint pain, stiffness, fatigue, or swelling.
  • Physical examination to assess joint mobility, swelling, and range of motion.
  • Blood tests to detect inflammation markers (ESR, CRP) and autoantibodies.
  • Eye examination for uveitis, especially in suspected juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
  • X-rays or ultrasound to evaluate joint damage or soft tissue inflammation.
  • Family history review and growth monitoring to assess overall impact.

Treatment Options

Treatment in Paediatric Rheumatology aims to control inflammation, relieve pain, and preserve joint function and quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach involving medications, therapy, and lifestyle modifications is often recommended.

  • Use of anti-inflammatory medications like NSAIDs to manage pain and swelling.
  • Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate for long-term control.
  • Biologic therapies (e.g., TNF inhibitors) for moderate to severe or treatment-resistant cases.
  • Regular physiotherapy to maintain joint flexibility, strength, and mobility.
  • Occupational therapy to support daily activities and school participation.
  • Psychosocial support and patient education to manage emotional and developmental needs.

Therapy & Support

Supportive care in Paediatric Rheumatology focuses on reducing symptoms, improving joint function, and enhancing the child’s overall well-being through integrated therapy, education, and emotional support.

  • Physiotherapy to maintain joint flexibility, muscle strength, and overall mobility.
  • Occupational therapy to assist children in performing daily tasks and improving independence.
  • Use of orthotic devices such as splints or braces to support joints and prevent deformities.
  • Psychological counseling and family education to support emotional and social development.
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