Pediatric rheumatology is a subspecialty of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases in children and adolescents. Rheumatic diseases are conditions that affect the joints, muscles, bones, and connective tissues, and they can be chronic, autoimmune, and inflammatory in nature.
Pediatric rheumatologists are medical doctors who have completed additional training in pediatrics and rheumatology to specialize in the care of children with rheumatic diseases. They are experts in diagnosing and managing a wide range of conditions that affect young patients, including but not limited to:
This is the most common form of arthritis in children, characterized by chronic joint inflammation lasting for at least six weeks. JIA encompasses several subtypes, each with distinct clinical features and treatment approaches.
Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect children as well as adults. Pediatric rheumatologists diagnose and manage lupus in children, which may involve medications to suppress inflammation and prevent organ damage.
This is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the muscles and skin, leading to muscle weakness, skin rash, and other symptoms. Treatment often involves medications to control inflammation and physical therapy to improve muscle strength and function.
Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues. In children, scleroderma may affect the skin, blood vessels, and internal organs, and treatment may include medications and supportive therapies.
This is an acute febrile illness that primarily affects young children, causing inflammation in the blood vessels throughout the body. Pediatric rheumatologists are involved in the diagnosis and management of Kawasaki disease, which may include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy to reduce the risk of coronary artery abnormalities.
Pediatric rheumatologists also diagnose and manage a variety of other rheumatic diseases in children, including vasculitis, fibromyalgia, periodic fever syndromes, and more.
The approach to pediatric rheumatology involves a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including pediatric rheumatologists, pediatricians, nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and social workers, working together to provide comprehensive care for children with rheumatic diseases. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for minimizing disease activity, preventing complications, and improving the long-term outcomes and quality of life for pediatric patients with rheumatic conditions.